Sunansa Ahmad Al-Shara’a (Julani). An haifi Ahmad al-Shar’a a Deir ez-Zor, Siriya a shekara ta 1981, a yayin da wasu bayanan suke Kore haka. Ana cewa ya yi karatun likitanci a Jami’ar Dimashƙ, amma ya bar makaranta a shekara ta uku don ya shiga ƙungiyar ta’addanci ta Al-ƙaeda a Iraƙi bayan mamayar Amurka a shekara ta 2003.
Hare-haren ta’addanci da ya jagoranta a Iraƙi
Julani ya kai Hare-haren ta’addanci da ya yi sanadiyar ɗaruruwan rayuka a ƙasar Iraƙi, ga tsakure daga jerin hare-haren-:
1.Tayar da bam a birnin Sadr a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 2006, in da ya kashe mutane 202, a yayin ɗaruruwan suka jikkata.
2.Ya kai Hare-haren bam a garin Hillah a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2005, fiye da mutane 130 suka rasu, da raunata fiye da 150.
3.Ya kai Harin bam a Kasuwar Al-Sadriya a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2007, ya kashe fiye da 190 da jikkata ɗaruruwa.
4.Ya kai Harin bam a birnin Bagadaza a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2004, fiye da ya kashe mutane 40 da raunata fiye da 130 5.Ya kai Harin bama-bamai a birnin Karbala da Najaf a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2004, sama da mutum 70 suka rasa rayukansu da jikkata sama da 190.
Alaƙarsa da ƙungiyoyin ta’addanci na duniya
Julaniy ya samu muƙami cikin sauri a cikin ƙungiyar Alƙa’ida har ya zama na kusa da Abu Mus’ab az-Zarƙawi. Bayan mutuwar Zarƙawi a shekara ta 2006, ya koma Lebanon in da ake cewa ya jagoranci horas da mayaƙan Jund al-Sham. Daga baya kuma ya sake komawa Iraƙi, inda dakarun Amurka suka kama shi suka tsare shi na ɗan lokaci. Bayan an sake shi a shekara ta 2008, ya shiga Ƙungiyar Daular Musulmi a Iraki (ISIS).A cewar wasu masu lura da al’amura, al-Shar’a ya dawo Siriya a watan Agusta na shekara ta 2011, inda ya kafa reshen al-Qaeda domin shiga yaƙin da ƙasar Amurka da Isra’ila ke yi da Shugaba Bashar al-Assad. Sai dai jaridar As-Safir ta Lebanon ta bayyana cewa wasu na cewa asalin sa ɗan Iraki ne, kuma an san shi da wasu sunannaki daban-daban a wancan lokacin.Al-Shar’a ya fito fili a lokacin da yake aiki a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Abu Mus’ab az-Zarqawi, wanda shi ne wanda ya kafa al-Qaeda a Iraƙi. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara ayyukan ta’addanci a kan iyaka, yana amfani da kasancewarsa ɗan ƙasar Siriya don harhaɗa kai tsakanin mayaƙan ƙasashen waje da masu tayar da ƙayar baya na cikin gidan Siriya.
A shekara ta 2010, dakarun Amurka suka kama shi a Iraki suka tsare shi a Camp Bucca, wani sansani da ya zama wurin da aka san da yaɗuwar tunanin tsattsauran ra’ayi. Wannan lokacin ya ƙarfafa dangantakarsa da wasu shugabannin da daga baya suka zama jagororin Daular Musulmci ta (ISIS). Lokacin da zanga-zangar Syria ta rikiɗe ta zama yaƙin basasa a shekara ta 2011, al-Shar’a ya koma Siriya bisa umarnin Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, shugaban ISIS, domin kafa reshen ƙungiyar a Siriya. A watan Janairu 2012, ya kafa Jabhat al-Nusra, reshen ISIS a Siriya.Amma a shekarar 2013, lokacin da al-Baghdadi ya sanar da haɗewar ISIS da Jabhat al-Nusra, al-Shar’a ya ƙi amincewa da hakan, ya kuma bayyana biyayyarsa ga Ayman al-Zawahiri, shugaban al-Qaeda.Ƙungiyar ta’addanci ta Jabhat al-Nusra ta samu ƙarfi sosai, tare da zartar da hadafofinta. A watan Yuli 2016, al-Shar’a ya sanar cewa ƙungiyarsa ta yanke alaƙa da al-Qaeda, kuma za ta fara aiki da suna Jabhat Fath al-Sham.
A shekara ta 2017, ya sake tsara ƙungiyar ya mayar da ita Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), haɗin gwiwa na ƙungiyoyin Musulmi masu tsattsauran ra’ayi ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa. Duk da HTS (bayan kawar da Gwamnatin Shugaba Asad) ta fara ƙoƙarin nuna kanta a matsayin ƙungiyar siyasa da ke mai da hankali kan mulkin cikin gida da diflomasiyya, maimakon iƙrarin jihadin da aka santa da shi a baya,a shekara ta 2021, al-Shar’a ya faɗa wa PBS cewa ya daina bin manufar al-Qaeda ta iƙrarin jihadi, kuma burinsa yanzu shi ne kawai kawar da mulkin Bashar al-Assad da kafa tsarin mulki na Musulunci a Siriya.
Taƙaitaccen Nazari: Daga al-Qaida zuwa Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham
1. Asalin ƙungiyar da kafuwarta Abu Muhammad al-Julani (Ahmed al-Sharaa) ya fito daga reshen al-Qaida a Iraki karkashin jagorancin Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.A 2011, Baghdadi ya tura shi zuwa Syria domin kafa reshe a can, wanda ya zama “Jabhat al-Nusra”.Kungiyar ta bayyana kanta a matsayin mai kare juyin Syria, amma a zahiri reshen al-Qaida ce mai manufar kafa daular jihadi.
2. Rikicin cikin gida na ISISA Afrilu 2013, Baghdadi ya haɗa al-Nusra da al-Qaida a Iraƙi a ƙarƙashin suna guda — “Daular Musulunci ta Iraki da Sham (ISIS)”.Julani ya ƙi amincewa da wannan haɗakar ya bai wa Ayman al-Zawahiri (na al-Qaida) mubaya’a kai tsaye, abin da ya jawo rikici tsakanin ISIS da al-Nusra.Wannan rikicin ne ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin mayakan da suke tutiyar jihadi da bisa tafarkin Ahlus sunna wal jama’a.
3. Sauya suna da tsari Hay’at Tahrir al-ShamA 2017, al-Nusra ta sake sunanta zuwa Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), domin ƙoƙarin rabuwa da hoton al-Qaida da neman karɓuwa a cikin ‘yan adawa.HTS ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin jihadi daban-daban amma ta kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin al-Julani.Ta fara mai da hankali kan gobernanci (mulki) a yankin Idlib, ta kafa “Gwamnatin Ceto (Salvation Government)” don gudanar da harkokin yau da kullum.Ƙungiyar ta kuma kasance cikin jerin “ƙungiyoyin da ke take ‘yancin addini” bisa dokar Amurka ta International Religious Freedom Act.
5. Dabarar sabon salo da burin siyasa
Julani ya canza hotonsa daga tufafin jihadi da sunan Musulunci, zuwa sutura ta zamani, yana bayyanawa a cikin tashoshin yammacin Turai kamar PBS da CNN.Yana ƙoƙarin nuna cewa HTS ta koma ƙungiya mai neman tsaro, tsari, da mulki mai zaman lafiya a Siriya.A yayin da a gefe guda, masu sharhin al’amuran yau da kullum suke ganin JULANI kayan aikin ƙasar Amurka da Isra’ila ne wanda suka yi amfani da shi wajen kawar da gwamnatin Asad na Siriya.Shugaban rikon ƙasa na Siriya, Ahmed al-Sharaa (JULANI) wanda a baya aka sanya masa takunkumi saboda alaƙarsa da ƙungiyar Al-ƙaeda, bayan ganawa da Trump, ya gana da mutane daban-daban cikinsu har da Brian Mast ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan siyasar Amurka masu tsattsauran ra’ayin goyon bayan Isra’ila.Mast ba kawai “mai goyon bayan Isra’ila” ba ne ba,a’a,ya kira ‘yan Falasɗinu da masu ƙwatar ƙasa.Wannan ganawar na faruwa ne a daidai lokacin da Washington ke ƙoƙarin jan Siriya cikin wata kawance ta tsaro tsakanin Amurka, Isra’ila, da ƙasashen Gulf.
A yayin ganawarsa da Trump alamomin tambaya suna ta tasowa a zukatan al’umma a kan alaƙarsa da ƙasar Amurka da Isra’ila a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, tun daga sad da yake jagorantar ƙungiyar Alƙa’ida, zuwa zamantowarsa shugaban ƙasar Siriya. Al-Julani ni dai shi ne wanda Amurka ta sanya zunzurutun kuɗi har dala Miliyan 10 domin kama shi ko kashe shi, ko nuna in da yake, da bayyana sunansa cikin jerin manyan ‘yan ta’adda na duniya, shi ne wanda yanzu Amurka ta wanke shi tsaf daga dukkanin tuhume-tuhume, har ya zamanto ya gana da Trump sau biyu, na farko a Saudiyya, na biyu kuma a ziyarar da ya kaiwa Trump ɗin a fadar White House a ‘yan kwanakin nan.
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